CONSTITUTION OF INDIA — MIND MAP TNPSC General Studies · Indian Polity (Unit IV) · Quick Revision Parts & Structure Originally: 395 Articles · 22 Parts · 8 Schedules Present: 448 Articles · 25 Parts · 12 Schedules Part I Union & Territory · Part II Citizenship Part V Union Government · Part VI State Government Part IX & IXA: Panchayats & Municipalities Part XVIII: Emergency — Art 352, 356, 360 Union Government President (Art 52–62) — elected by electoral college Impeachment — Art 61 · Supreme Commander of Forces Vice-President (63–71) — ex-officio Chairman, Rajya Sabha PM & Council of Ministers — Art 74, 75 Parliament = President + Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha Money Bills (Art 110) — originate only in Lok Sabha State & Local Government Governor — Art 153–162, appointed by the President Chief Minister & State Council of Ministers State Legislature — Assembly; Council in 6 States 73rd Amendment 1992 — Panchayats (Part IX, 243–243O) 11th Schedule — 29 subjects for Panchayats 74th Amendment 1992 — Municipalities · 12th Sch — 18 subj. Constitutional Bodies Election Commission (Art 324) UPSC & State PSCs (Art 315–323) CAG (Art 148) — guardian of the public purse Finance Commission (Art 280) · GST Council (Art 279A) Attorney General (76) · Advocate General (165) NCSC · NCST · NCBC — national commissions The 12 Schedules 1st — States & UTs · 2nd — Salaries & allowances 3rd — Oaths · 4th — Rajya Sabha seat allocation 5th — Scheduled Areas · 6th — NE tribal areas 7th — Union, State & Concurrent Lists 8th — 22 languages · 9th — Land reform laws (1951) 10th — Anti-defection · 11th Panchayats · 12th Municip. Making of the Constitution Constituent Assembly — Cabinet Mission Plan, 1946 First met 9 Dec 1946 · President: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Constitutional Advisor: B.N. Rau Drafting Committee (7) — Chair: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Adopted 26 Nov 1949 · Enforced 26 Jan 1950 Longest written constitution in the world Preamble "We, the People of India…" — source of authority Sovereign · Socialist · Secular · Democratic · Republic Ideals: Justice · Liberty · Equality · Fraternity 42nd Amendment 1976 — added Socialist, Secular, Integrity Not enforceable — but a pivotal aid to interpretation Fundamental Rights Part III · Articles 12–35 · 6 categories (originally 7) Art 14 Equality · 15 No discrimination · 16 Opportunity Art 17 Untouchability abolished · 18 Titles abolished Art 19 Six freedoms · 20 Protection · 21 Life & liberty Art 21A Education (86th) · 22 Safeguards on arrest Art 32 — "heart & soul" · Property → Art 300A (44th) DPSP & Fundamental Duties DPSP — Part IV · Articles 36–51 · non-justiciable (Art 37) Three groups: Socialist · Gandhian · Liberal-intellectual 42nd Amdt added 39A, 43A, 48A · 44th added 38(2) Duties — Part IVA · Article 51A · 11 duties Added by 42nd Amendment 1976 (Swaran Singh Committee) Amendments & Doctrines Article 368 — the amending power of Parliament Simple majority · Special majority · Special + half States Kesavananda Bharati (1973) — Basic Structure Doctrine Landmark: 1st (1951) · 42nd (1976) · 44th (1978) 101st GST (2016) · 103rd EWS (2019) · 106th Women (2023) 105+ amendments enacted to date THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA 26 January 1950 Ten branches · Indian Polity carries 15/75 questions (Group 2 & 4) and 40/175 (Group 1 Prelims) — the single highest-yield unit